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Study: Global Warming Threatens Scientists

University of Washington Professor P. Dee Boersma says the ecology of penguins makes them unusually susceptible to environmental changes.
Thursday, July 3, 2008

(UPI) - A U.S. scientist says global warming, fishing and petroleum pollution are all contributing to declines, some severe, in many species of penguins.

University of Washington Professor P. Dee Boersma says the ecology of penguins makes them unusually susceptible to environmental changes. Boersma said counts of the penguin populations at the 43 remaining breeding "hotspots," even once every five years, could provide valuable insights into the variability of the ocean ecosystem and the populations' viability.

But she said counts are conducted only rarely, if at all.

The task is urgent, she said, since many populations seem to be in rapid decline. Reductions of sea ice off Antarctica are threatening Adelie and emperor penguins, while temperate penguins, such as Galapagos, Peruvian and African species, are all declining.

Mining of guano, egg harvesting, commercial fishing and oil spills are the chief causes, Boersma said, although she said tourism and increasingly severe El Nino events, probably resulting from climate change, are also partly responsible.

Boersma recommends formation of a non-governmental organization to monitor major aggregations of penguins. She said such an organization could provide advance warning of urgent threats and thus make amelioration possible.

The research appears in the journal BioScience.

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Fish Communities Change Along With Climate

"This is a pretty dramatic change, and it's a pattern that is being seen in other ecosystems."
Wednesday, July 2, 2008

(UPI) – An analysis of 50 years of data from weekly U.S. fish trawling surveys in and near Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay show climate change is affecting the fish.

The University of Rhode Island study shows there is an ongoing significant shift in composition of coastal fish communities -- invertebrates and warm-water species are increasing, while bottom feeders species are decreasing.

Scientists attribute the change primarily to global warming.

Professor Jeremy Collie, who directed the research, said the fish community has shifted progressively from vertebrate species (fish) to invertebrates (lobsters, crabs and squid) and from benthic or demersal species -- those that feed on the bottom -- to pelagic species that feed higher in the water column. In addition, smaller, warm-water species have increased while larger, cool-water species have declined, he said.

"This is a pretty dramatic change, and it's a pattern that is being seen in other ecosystems, including offshore on Georges Bank and other continental shelf ecosystems, but we're in the relatively unique position of being able to document it," said Collie. "These patterns are likely being seen in estuaries around the world, but nowhere else has similar data."

The research appears in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.

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Higher Temps Up FEMA Trailer Formaldehyde

Health could be affected at the levels seen in many of the trailers.
Wednesday, July 2, 2008

(UPI) - Two studies of Katrina trailers say manufacturers should consider using construction materials that emit lower levels of formaldehyde.

After Hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Management Agency provided travel trailers, park models and mobile homes to Gulf Coast residents who had lost their homes.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory measured air formaldehyde concentrations in whole trailers and emissions from specific parts of each trailer, such as walls, floors, ceilings, tables and cabinets of four vacant, never-used trailers provided by FEMA.

Formaldehyde emissions from the four whole trailers studied ranged from 173 to 266 micrograms per meter per hour in the morning to 257 to 347 micrograms per meter per hour in the afternoon due to increasing temperatures.

"Construction materials that emit high concentrations of formaldehyde, when part of a relatively small structure that has poor ventilation, have the potential to produce elevated levels of formaldehyde in the indoor air," Michael McGeehin of the CDC said in a statement.

A previous study found the average level of formaldehyde in all FEMA trailer units was about 77 parts per billion -- a range of 3 ppb to 590 ppb. It was determined health could be affected at the levels seen in many of the trailers, the CDC said.

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Toyota Having Tough Time With Demand for Hybrids

Sales of Toyota's Prius, the top-selling hybrid in the market, fell 26 percent as dealers ran short of inventory and customers faced a six-month waiting list.
Tuesday, July 1, 2008

DETROIT (Reuters) - The surge in popularity for small cars and fuel-efficient hybrids has left Toyota Motor Corp facing an unusual problem: deepening shortages of popular models such as the Prius hybrid.

A limited inventory of small cars hurt Toyota, which reported a 11.5 percent drop in sales in June.

In stark contrast, Japanese rival Honda Motor Co reported a 13.8 percent sales rise on record demand for its Fit subcompact car and Civic sedan.

Toyota executives said a dwindling inventory of vehicles, such as the Prius, Yaris and Corolla, had forced the automaker to scramble to try to keep up with demand in June, a month when industry-wide auto sales dropped almost 9 percent.

Sales of Toyota's Prius, the top-selling hybrid in the market, fell 26 percent as dealers ran short of inventory and customers faced a six-month waiting list. Toyota said it would only partly be able to satisfy the backlog of demand from its dedicated Prius factory in Japan this year.

Hybrids command about a $5,000 price premium compared with equivalent vehicles without the expensive battery.

"It is very doubtful that there is going to be a lot of recovery this year to be able to satisfy consumer demand and that is very unfortunate," said Jim Lentz, Toyota's head of North American sales, referring to the Prius.

Toyota had a one-day supply of the Prius hybrid and a 2-1/2 day supply of its hybrid Camry sedan at the end of June.

Inventory of other popular Toyota cars also ran low in June. Dealer supply of Corolla sedans was down to a 15-day supply, while Yaris had a 7-day supply at the end of June, the automaker said.

Toyota said it expected inventories of Yaris and Corolla to increase in August and was working to add capacity at its hybrid battery manufacturing plant in Japan.

The current generation Prius uses nickel-metal hydride batteries made by Panasonic EV, a joint venture between the automaker and Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd.

Toyota, which put the world's first hybrid car on the road in 1997, has a goal of reaching global annual sales of 1 million hybrid vehicles soon after 2010 -- more than double last year's sales tally.

Toyota's Lentz said the production constraint made it hard to forecast how large the market for the hybrid model could be in the United States, the Japanese automaker's largest market.

"We don't know what the top end on Prius is," Lentz said.

In a J.D. Power survey, 72 percent of U.S. consumers said they were interested in buying a hybrid.

Overall, the U.S. sales performance of the three major Japanese automakers were mixed in June with Nissan Motor Co posting a 7.5 percent decline.

Honda bucked the downtrend in overall U.S. light car sales, outselling Chrysler LLC for the second consecutive month in June to grab the No. 3 spot in the U.S. market.

On a combined basis, the three major Japanese automakers increased their share of the U.S. market to 34.7 percent, up from 32.9 percent from a year ago.

The market share of the three Detroit automakers -- General Motors Corp, Ford Motor Co and Chrysler -- fell to 45.8 percent in June from 50.2 percent a year earlier.

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Utah To Mandate 4 Day Work Week

"Although some services will shut down on Fridays, the public has shown very much a willingness to give the concept a try," the governor said.
Tuesday, July 1, 2008
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(UPI) – Gov. Jon Huntsman said the change will reduce the state's carbon footprint and save energy, USA Today reported.

"Although some services will shut down on Fridays, the public has shown very much a willingness to give the concept a try," the governor said.

The ruling mandates a four-day work week for 17,000 employees, but exempts employees of the state's university system, the courts, prisons and other critical services, the newspaper reported.

Jacqueline Byers, director of research at the National Association of Counties, said the four-day option is growing in popularity.

"They're not able to give raises, so this is like a bonus, to cut off one day's commute," she said.

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Two Jailed for Killing Gray Whale

Two members of a Washington state Indian tribe were sentenced. Wayne Johnson was given five months and Andy Noel, 90 days.
Tuesday, July 1, 2008

(UPI) - Two members of a Washington state Indian tribe who rejected a plea deal have been sentenced to jail for killing a gray whale.

Magistrate Kelley Arnold in Tacoma imposed sentences longer than the 60 days recommended by federal prosecutors, The Seattle Times reported. Wayne Johnson was given five months and Andy Noel, 90 days.

Three other members of the Makah tribe were sentenced to 100 to 150 hours of community service. All five must spend a year on probation, and Johnson and Noel must perform community service upon release.

Arnold said that none of the five can participate in any whale hunts until they complete probation.

"They've had their whale hunt," he said.

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19 Shark Species Near Extinction

The shark population has been dropping drastically and that the trend is having a broader effect on marine life in general.
Monday, June 30, 2008

(UPI) – The Mediterranean Sea shark population fell 97 percent in the past two centuries and 19 shark species face extinction, researchers have concluded.

Graduate student Francesco Ferretti, two colleagues at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia and an Italian researcher collected data from university and other archival sources, as well as from fish markets, recreational fishing clubs and local accounts of shark sightings, The Washington Post reported Monday.

In a paper published in the current issue of the journal Conservation Biology -- co-authored with the late Dalhousie marine biologist Ransom A. Myers and others -- the researchers reported that the shark population has been dropping drastically and that the trend is having a broader effect on marine life in general.

Another research team recently concluded that 19 of 21 open-ocean shark species, along with their cousins, the ray, face the risk of extinction, the Post said. Yet another team reported that the diminishing number of sharks at the top of the food chain is having a disruptive effect on marine ecosystems worldwide.

"Sharks are just one part of the ocean's web of life," said Margaret Bowman, director of the non-profit Lenfest Ocean Program, which helped fund the studies. "But these studies show if you pull out that one thread, the whole web suffers."

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Prius Sales, Prices Soar

Toyota has said battery and electric engine supplies will only permit them to sell 150,000 Prius in the U.S. this year.
Monday, June 30, 2008

(UPI) - U.S. supplies of the Toyota hybrid car Prius have outstripped supplies, shooting prices upward, dealers and car owners said.

A one-year old Prius -- a car that boasts a fuel rating of 48 miles per gallon when new -- now often sells for more than the original purchase price and dealers are bumping prices as much as $5,000 above the sticker price, the Dallas Morning News reported Monday.

"It's hybrid hysteria," said John Mathews managing partner of Pat Lobb Toyota and Scion of McKinney, Texas.

"Nothing else comes even close to the Prius in mileage," Sonny Morgan a managing partner of Sport City Toyota in Dallas said.

Supplies are limited due to soaring demand, but Toyota has said battery and electric engine supplies will only permit them to sell 150,000 Prius in the United States this year, the report said.

Dallas resident Amy Meaux looked for a Prius in May, the Morning News reported.

She found 10 available at one dealership. But, when she inquired again two days later, there were none left on the lot, she said.

"That's when I knew we'd have to pay over window-sticker price for the car," she said.

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Hawaii Requires Solar Water Heaters for New Homes

Homebuilders were against the measure, contending would add to the already-high costs of buying a home in Hawaii.
Saturday, June 28, 2008

(UPI) - Hawaii Gov. Linda Lingle says the state has moved closer to energy independence by requiring solar water heaters in all new home construction.

Lingle signed the new requirement into law Friday, putting it into effect starting in 2010 and praising it as the first of its type in the United States, The Honolulu Advertiser reported. She said the measure represents an important commitment to the state's environment, while critics contended it will drive up home prices and eliminates an existing tax credit incentive.

The measure, called Act 204, was lauded by some environmentalists who said it was an important move to reduce Hawaii's use of fossil fuels, predicting it would significantly cut electricity costs for new homes.

"We've always talked about Hawaii being a role model, and here's a case where we actually are," Jeff Mikulina, director of the Sierra Club, Hawaii Chapter, told the Advertiser.

Homebuilders, however, were against the measure, contending would add to the already-high costs of buying a home in Hawaii.

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Canadian Provience Activates Carbon Tax

Nelson, mayor of Williams Lake, British Columbia, says record high energy prices mean that the levy, for all its good intentions, could not come at a worst time.
Friday, June 27, 2008

VANCOUVER, British Columbia (Reuters) - Civic leader Scott Nelson says he is as worried as anyone about global warming, but that does not make him happy to be one of the first North Americans to pay a carbon tax to curb climate change.

Nelson, mayor of Williams Lake, British Columbia, says record high energy prices mean that the levy, for all its good intentions, could not come at a worst time for residents in his community, a lumber and ranching town about 340 miles north of Vancouver.

"The last thing they need now is a tax on top of these soaring prices to add insult to injury," said Nelson, predicting that a taxpayer revolt will eventually scuttle the new tax, which takes effect on July 1.

Carbon taxes already exist in Europe. But the tax on fossil fuels will make the Pacific province of British Columbia the first North American jurisdiction to bring in a broad-based levy designed to cut emissions of the greenhouse gases that are blamed for global warming.

The provincial government unveiled the tax in February, calling it a key element in a pledge to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 33 percent by 2020.

The tax applies to nearly all fossil fuels, including gasoline and home heating fuel, starting at C$10 per tonne of carbon emissions in 2008 and increasing by C$5 a tonne annually for the next four years.

For drivers that will mean an additional 2.41 Canadian cents on a liter of gasoline (about 9.13 cents per U.S. gallon) starting on Tuesday. The current gas price in Vancouver, British Columbia's biggest city, is around C$1.40 a liter.

The government says the tax is designed to reduce carbon use, and not generate new revenue. It is cutting other taxes to offset the carbon tax take, and mailing a one-time C$100 rebate out to each British Columbia resident this week.

But critics say it is nothing more than a new gasoline tax that unfairly targets the poor and rural residents who have no choice but to travel long distances in a province that is the size of Germany and France combined.

The opposition left-leaning New Democratic Party has launched an "axe the tax" campaign. The party says it would aim carbon taxes only at businesses and major industrial emitters not at individual consumers.

ENVIRONMENTALIST SAY STAY THE COURSE

Environmentalists acknowledge that the tax is coming at a difficult time, but they want the provincial government to stick with its plan as an example for others.

"I think reversing it would be a huge setback for effective government action on this issue, certainly in Canada and I perhaps in all of North America," said Matthew Bramley of the Pembina Institute, an environmental research group.

Canada's opposition federal Liberal Party is seeking a national carbon tax, but the plan has been panned by Prime Minister Stephen Harper whose Conservative Party this week launched attack ads against it.

The tax's supporters deny that the new tax will hurt the economy, and they say not dealing with the issue will cost the province far more in the long run as it grapples with the impact of climate change.

The provincial government estimates the tax will reduce carbon emissions by about three million tonnes a year, or the equivalent of the emissions of about 787,000 cars, as people reduce their use of carbon to save money.

But Nelson says rising energy prices are already doing what the taxes is intended to do by forcing people to cut energy use, and the carbon levy was an idea ahead of its time.

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